Necessary Ingredients Detected in the Milky Way for the formation Black Holes Pt.II

Now as mentioned before, there is uncertainty  about the implications of the time lag, would that nebula still be the same as it was when the light left that cloud 30,000 years ago. I don’t know. Everything we look at respectively is looking in the past, the light that is coming to our eyes are images of the past. Looking at a computer screen its only a few femtoseconds to reach the screen to your eyes. As you could imagine this is not a really example and shows how insignificant it is. But if you amplify the distance considerably, then your results begin to take form.

The disk shaped clouds that were observed are about 50 light years cross . This is a massive number and in comparison to the Earth, you would not be able to see the Earth, in fact you wouldn’t be able to see the sun, except maybe for a little white dot so faint, that you would mistaken it for a dead pixel on your screen.

The leader of the study Tomoharu Oka of Keio University in Japan stated that the 50 light year across chemical cloud “revolves around the supermassive black hole at a very fast speed". Which the other clouds of clumped chemicals are increase and expanding very fast rates of about 223, 000 mp/h. This is allowing the scientists think that the super novas massive explosions were a cause of this particular expansion.  This is an interesting part, that the fast growth of the cloud is suggesting that 200 super nova have gone of inside. This cloud is assume or suggested to be only about 60,000 years of age (Not very old, relative to the cosmic age). Deducing this from the observations, it is thought that supernovae are suspected to go of every 300 years.

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Einstein’s Theory put to the test

Just recently a star that is orbiting around a Black Hole is moving at an incredible speed. A speed that is rarely seen, given the conditions. A particle star is orbiting around our central Galactic Black Hole that sits in the middle of our galaxy, known as the Sgr A*, A super Massive Black Hole. An intense Black Hole with the mass of 4 million suns with the equivalent mass of 1 of those Suns equal to our own. This star that was newly discovered, which is known as the S0-102 would be able to give an opportunity to allow the Einsteinian Theory of Relativity to be put to the test.

With the theory, it is predicted that the mass of an object is able to distort time and space. Known only as space-time, a fabric that is ever present in the universe and that these objects with high mass and density are able to distort and slow time down, also can even stretch and shrink the distances in the space-time continuum. The Super Massive Black Hole that is in the centre of our galaxy (Sgr A*) has really high mass, and is the lynch pin of our galaxy and allows out galaxy to work properly. There are reports and data to show that there are stars a couple of light years away from our galaxy centre in our galaxies centre, though the centre of the galaxy known as the most violent and extreme 

environment in our galaxy currently, leading with its high level of starts making the zone very dense.

Stars that would be close to the Super Massive Black Hole are actually traveling around 4,000 Kps (Kilometres per second). This seems like an amazing speed. A speed almost unimaginable, but with relative to the speed of light (The cosmological speed limit) we are only talking about 1% that of the speed of light, these planets and stars are travelling at a fraction of the speed of light.

 

Fig.1: Object Star Orbiting around the SMBH very qucikly
Credit: Keck, UCLA Galactic Center Group

Currently objects that are currently orbiting around the SMBH are in a motion called precession, a special formation that takes place when going around high mass objects. This for the most part is able to be calculated with using the Theory of Relativity but for this instant it is proving difficult since the object themselves are going through a different type of precession that is hard to calculate and it is proving difficult to differentiate between the two types.

The particular objects known as the S0-102 was detected at the Keck Observatory in Hawaii, using the twin-mounted 10 meter telescope, equipped with laser guiding technology and adaptive optics which all allow for distortions to be corrected which could happen due to the earth’s atmosphere.

Currently the work is still in progress. But this event will unlikely cause any serious damage to the heralded theory conjured up by one of our greatest scientists in history. A theory that has stood against the elements for over half a century.

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Radius of a Black Hole Measured and First Direct Image of Black Hole

Just recently scientists have been able to measure the radius of black holes. No easy feat of technical prowess, for scientists to look at the Super Massive black hole in the galaxy M87 (A Distant Galaxy). This SMBH is 6 million times more dense than our local sun, which is expected as Black Holes collapse under its own gravitation force and compress into singularities allowing them to swallow anything that enters its region. Normally the cause of star systems to localise around one reference point, with the galaxy being so large, the densest object will take rule over anything else in the region, gravitationally, thus making everything else literally revolve around it

The radius of the Black Hole was measured using a special analytical tool called the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT), situated in three locations, being Hawaii, California and Arizona. The data that was obtained from these telescopes was algamated to create a more advanced and more detailed picture (very high resolution) detailing the Black Hole and its apparent accretion disk. As a result of this joint effort, scientists were able to view directly, matter entering towards the event horizon at the edge of the black hole.

 

 Fig.1 Bright light emitted from the Black Hole and energy excitement (Accretion Disk)

Credit: Hubble Space Telescope/EHT

The Astronomers were able to identify the radius length of the black hole, by being able to observe and study the jets of energy-excited matter, that was being evacuated from the Black Hole, which was travelling at near speed of light. The super-fast matter leaving the Black Hole is caused by super heating the accretion disk (Matter surrounding the black holes event horizon). The Black Holes rotation and the matter particles that are surrounding it make a powerful electro-magnetic field. This field would cause the Black Hole to spit out hot matter and shoot it across the galaxy, perhaps even further.

Though this hasn’t been the first time that matter has been sprung from the M87s Black Hole. The Hubble Space Telescope captured images of piping hot jets emitting in 1998. Though with the inadequate resolution the Hubble was not able to make a precise measurement that were needed to factor the size of the Black Hole and its accretion disk.

After stringent calculations, scientists have determined that the accretions disks currently are about 5.5 times bigger than the Black Hole itself. This is then given an estimation of the radius of the Black Hole using smart mathematical techniques.

The new EHT will be adding new technology to the its inventory station array, which will grant more precise measurements and advanced resolutions allowing Astronomers to clarify and/or verify scientific theories about the behaviour of Black Holes. More importantly, grant a new light in to Einstein’s theory of Relativity determine whether Einstein was correct all those years ago or not!

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