Where we currently stand in Physics with Symmetry, Wormholes, Space-Time and Gravity PT.I

Time as you understand it is a function of symmetry. Symmetry is a fundamental principal of the observable universe. True symmetry cannot exist at the "local" level. You must be able to reference all non-local frames to find it. You can model imperfect symmetry mathematically by saying 0.9999... is in fact equal to 1. It's also the reason why the square root of -1 is an "imaginary number". That is not to say that true symmetry is not a concept unlike infinity, in that it most certainly should be able to exist. Science is just now learning the principals of "symmetry breaking".

It will take another few thousand years to get the math right, but we will eventually find a pragmatic way of manipulating "vacuum barriers" of local frames using exotic matter. Even with atomic clocks, it will be difficult to measure the quanta of time in precise units. It is best, therefore, to measure time in terms of alignment of "frames". Frames to you would be what will eventually coined as "vacuum barriers". This is the home of the virtual particle and the progenitor of the Casimir effect. We can precisely measure frames in units of degree. We use the light from distant stars to do so. We have an aperture that allows us to use simple Pythagorean math to triangulate the difference between "local" and "field" frames. Just to note that the science for this actually came from optical research. Infact to relate to popular culture, there is a game franchise called "Portal" which used this term, which is what makes this localized frame so interesting.

There were several other games such as "Deus Ex" which share the same attractor to this reference. We use the term "attractors" to mean those events which we can record with a certain degree of accuracy. That is, to move "backward" in time means that you also abide by the notions of Heisenberg (The same Heisenberg who coined the Heisenberg “Uncertainty Principle”) In essence, you alter the "past" just as you would trivially by existing in your own local frame. Attractors can be heralded by things that people  find interesting and record. The marching’s of Hitler and his Third Riech. The Mayans and their production of calendars. The Revolutionary War that spawned America. And so forth. These charter events almost always have an attractor associated with them. It is like a heavy ball of lead on a sheet: The attractor warps localized frames in such a way that makes them more congruous to your conventional visualization of space-time. What you need to exploit the breakage of symmetry as it relates to "time" is to inject exotic matter into localized frames.

Exotic matter has a tendency to have negative density. As mentioned in a previous article (Warp Drive:The Theory). We suspect that lattices of high-energy gamma ray lasers were used to create the first observable particles of exotic matter. Currently the Hadron Collider is not powerful enough, and it would take a few dozen suns exploding to break the coulomb barrier needed for a nucleonic force. The quanta of high energy gamma rays, then, can be used to step-up mass ejection of virtual particles that then decay into exotic matter. Due to their incredibly short lifespan, we have not been successfully able to build a transversable wormhole through ordinary space-time that would allow teleportation-like phenomena on the macroscopic scale. However, wormhole theory does describe how local frames are exploited. Kip Thorne thought experiment using a gravity well is still valid. We just can't prove it topographically. But the effect of local frame manipulation mirrors this almost precisely.

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String Theory: Introduction

In the world of physics, there are always contests and divisions of thought, factions of people supporting different theories of why the universe is the way it is. Physics is divided into two different realms the macroscopic (large) world for things like gravity and then the quantum world (very small) where Quantum-chrono-dynamics (QCD) and Quantum gravity exist. With string theory, devised by Michael Duff, Michael Green and Brian Green et al, tried to unify these two worlds, the world of the macroscopic and quantum world to create a “theory of everything”, which works as a self sustained and self sustained mathematical model, which can allow for the description of the 12 fundamental forces and the different forms of matter.

String theory when first devised, was lead with some severe controversy. Scientists would not touch the subject let alone research it, due to the major consensus boycotting the research. People’s jobs and careers were on the line, chancing such an endeavor. But in the last 10 years, Sting theory has taken a big turn, making the topic much more serious and for respected academics to start brain storming about it.

 Fig.1 A Graphical representation of a vibrating string

In the Universe scientists have discovered that it is made up of two groups or very small important (Fundamental) particles, these are called the boson and fermions. With bosons, that are carriers of the fundamental forces, pertaining to, Strong/Weak nuclear forces, E.M Forces (Electromagnetic) and Gravity(the weaker of the 4 forces).  With fermions they are actually the matter that you can see such as atoms, molecules in all its configurations.

The standard model, which has been herald as the most stable and accurate scientific theory thought of, allowing for the explanation of the forces except for the force of gravity. As mentioned in previous post the inside of a black hole the mathematics breaks down in the singularity. This is simply because the standard model cannot explain the math and physics behind the mechanics of a singularities from a gravitational point of view. This also applied to the big bang theory as well.

A word that some people might of heard from time to time, and probably left them confused is the word super symmetry, this an important part of string theory. This is need for the string theory to actually work, where the concept that matter (particles) have a corresponding force.

More of will be covered in the next post. As this will a multiple post topic

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Detailed Mars Landing Pt.I

Now as I mentioned in the previous posts, the Venus landing projects were really just to survey the landscape and atmosphere of our other celestial neighbour. There was no intention to advanced surveys or exploration to a manned mission capacity. Mars is a totally different story. The amount of advanced probes and satellites that have been sent to Mars is astounding. More recently in popular culture, is the Curiosity Rover which is five times bigger than any rover Earth has sent to Mars before. Equipped with an advanced nuclear powered multi-terrain laboratory. It's sole purpose, to excavate rock and analyse with its on-board spectrometric tools and techniques. This was a huge endeavour by Jet Propulsion Labs, NASA (JPL). As due to the distance from Mars, light takes 14 minutes (currently) to reach Earth. Leaving a remote controlled device option, in the most difficult phase of the project(the landing) impossible. This was pre programmed with its own calculations and factors. People would say, that’s great, its like a computer, nothing special. But that is where they would be wrong. Take a minute to think about all the elements you would need to calculate and analyse for a pre programmed landing, not to mention a landing so far away, that people on Earth wouldn't even know about in true detail until 14 minutes later. First we look at weight, the probe is a certain weight and typically has Mass, this is something to think about when falling down to the surface of Mars, you need adequate fuel for boosters (Retro-rockets) so as to cushion the landing phase. The parachutes would need to be made of a high quality polymer so as not to rip or the sanding storms cover them in dust, or sway them from their landing designation. One huge factor would be gravity. Gravity is factored differently on Mars than Earth. These are all assumptions but based on mathematical models. This is to allow scientists and engineers to reverse engineer solutions to compensate for these otherwise foreign terrains and environments. Timing, timing is crucial, a second late or early could be fatal to the mission and/or the Curiosity rover. Everything was pre programmed on a computer on Earth with a timer and gauges to detect altitudes, Mars spin speeds and orbital velocities etc.

Part II Next.

Feynman

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Is Dark Matter an Illusion?

For some time, scientists have regarded Dark Matter as a major constituent that makes up our existing universe accounting for 84% of physical matter in the universe and about 23% for the mass-energy of the entire universe. First came to the discovery of scientists after noting gravitational anomalies. Since some large astronomical objects mass were in question, and due to this discrepancy, dark matter was theorised. This was to explain why celestial galaxies, that inhabit in galaxy clusters orbit there faster than they are actually meant to, this was due to the given “Luminous mass” that was observed at the time.  But now other theories have surfaced by scientists who herald new theories in anti gravity that discredit that dark matter is nothing but a false idea.

This illusion has been suggested to be made by interactions of small short lived matter particles and the interaction with anti matter.  Research at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) has been done on the gravitational effects of anti matter and matter. A scientist by the name of Dragan Hajdukovic investigates the gravitation polarisation of said anti particles. Which has been named “gravitational polarization of the quantum vacuum”; where the quantum vacuum is what others see as empty space in the universe, where no particles exist in these voids. But empty space is not actually that empty according to Quantum mechanics. Regarded as a boiling sea of virtual particles and anti particle, which are to pop in and out of existence simultaneously. In this new hypothesis derived from Hajdukovic, explored the concept that matter and anti matter which is already known to be electrically attracted to each other, but is also gravitationally as well. Suggesting that anti particles will be attributed with anti gravity functions too. This though assuming on a practical level would mean that anti particles (Positive Charge) would go up wards towards the sky and general matter (Negative charge) would go towards the ground following conventional gravitational behaviour. Though even if these particles were to be gravitationally repulsed by each other, since gravity is a weak force (Weakest out of the 4 fundamental forces) the Electromagnetic (E.M) force would still come out victor since it would be stronger, and attached to each other before it would get a chance to repulse each other gravitationally.

This is radical thinking as it stands, as there is only 1 conventional gravitation charge that exists in current accepted science. It is still within the bounds of quantum mechanics, in other words, QM can allow currently this theory as it does not conflict with current tenets of Quantum science.

Fig.1: The Bullet Cluster, suggested to house the best evidence for Dakr Matter          

Credit:X-ray: NASA/CXC/CfA/ M.Markevitch et al.

 Not only does this theory explain anti gravity for anti matter, also elaborates on limitless electric dipoles that come into existence (Imagine compass needles, countless of them) which are thus created by these virtual particles. Before which these dipoles (Needles) will be pointing in many directions, but when an electric field is applied, they all align in the same direction. And because of Quantum mechanics, the field that will be created with the alignment of the diploes all facing the same way will generate a second electric field which will in turn then strengthen the first electric field.

This suggested by Hajdukovic, that gravity will behave in the same way.

This type of challenge to the existence of Dark matter is accepted because there is not enough conclusive evidence to prove that dark matter exists at all, since we have not seen the particle in question.

As we know that anti matter is a mirror opposite of general matter, with only the charge being different, rather than the actual particle/element itself. When anti matter interacts with matter, an annihilation, emitting energy in violent flashes occurs. But these virtual particles appear and disappear spontaneously in this quantum vacuum, this happens so fast that this cannot be witness or obverse directly due to the speed of such events.

A scientist named Michael Doser, works with CERN’s AEglS experiment which measures charge of gravity for anti hydrogen, a well-known anti particle of hydrogen. Will be working to determine whether to confirm or even refute the hypothesis that Hajdukovic has theorised.

Feynman

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